#Helium test time calc trial

A virtual final event was organised, where project results were presented. The database is publicly available at the OpenAgrar repository 20 ( ). In total 2.5 million records have been stored and archived in the database StaPlaRes-DB-Thuenen to quantify and to evaluate GHG for winter oilseed rape, winter wheat and winter barley. All variables were collected for three years (2016/2017–2018/2019) at three experimental field sites in Germany. We introduce multi-variable datasets of GHG emissions as well as other gaseous emissions and agronomic variables. Overall, the specific measured NH 3-N emission factors at all experimental sites during the project period from 2016 to 2019 are significantly below the default values for urea according to EMEP/EEA 18 or Rösemann, et al.

#Helium test time calc trial

The NH 3-N emission factor average over the three trial years and the three crops for the benchmark treatment “surface” is highest in Cunnersdorf (0.032 kg NH 3-N kg N −1) and lowest in Roggenstein (0.012 kg NH 3-N kg N −1). The trial-specific EFs fall within the lower uncertainty range of the aggregate N 2ON- EF according to IPCC Refinement, which is reported to be 0.1–1.8%. These EFs are lower than the EFs according to The Global Nitrous Oxide calculator (GNOC) 15, 16 at the sites (EF 0.67–0.77%) and significantly lower than the default value of 1.0% according to the IPCC Refinement 17. Overall, the site-specific emission factors (EFs) for N 2O range from 0% to 0.54%. These weather conditions were in line with the increasingly frequent droughts in Central Europe over the past 14 years 14. The second and third investigation years were significantly drier than the first one (see Table 1). A high deficit in annual precipitation occurred also at all sites, which was mainly caused by the lack of precipitation in spring. The average annual temperature was 3 K higher compared to the long-term annual temperature at all experimental sites. In order to combine NH 3 and N 2O measurements, yield analyses, and soil sampling, a three-part experimental setup (see detailed explanation in Methods) was designed at three experimental field sites in Germany.ĭuring the project period (autumn 2016 to autumn 2019) the weather was exceptionally warm and dry. Moreover, there can be trade-offs such as simultaneous NH 3 reduction and N 2O increase. However, the effectiveness is highly variable and some measures depend widely on site-specific conditions such as weather, soil properties and management practices 13. Inhibitors, for example, are a promising tool for N 2O and NH 3 mitigation. There are numerous options for reducing NH 3 emission from urea-fertilised agricultural systems. Ammonia (NH 3) emission from agricultural sources significantly contributes to air pollution, soil acidification, water eutrophication, biodiversity loss, and declining human health 12.

More than half of the entire anthropogenic N 2O emission originates from agricultural soils 11. Nitrous oxide contributes to both, the greenhouse effect 8 and stratospheric ozone depletion 9, 10.

A large percentage of urea-N used for food production is lost to the environment in many different forms, including NH 3, N 2O and N 2 emissions 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. From 2021 to 2026 the demand is expected to grow by 2% annually 2. The global urea market demand reached a volume of nearly 187.8 million metric tons in 2020. Worldwide use of urea has increased more than 100-fold in the past four decades and now constitutes more than 50% of global nitrogenous fertiliser usage 1. The database is freely available for (re)use by others (scientists, stakeholders, etc.) on the publication server and data repository OpenAgrar for meta-analyses, process modelling and other environmental studies. In total, 2.5 million records have been stored in a Microsoft Access database (StaPlaRes-DB-Thuenen). Additionally, process-related tests were carried out using lab (N 2 emissions), pot and lysimeter experiments (nitrate leaching). Multi-variable data sets of gas fluxes (N 2O and NH 3), crop parameters (grain and straw yield, N content, etc.), soil characteristics (NH 4-N, NO 3-N, etc.), continuously recorded meteorological variables (air and soil temperatures, radiation, precipitation, etc.), management activities (sowing, harvest, soil tillage, fertilization, etc.), were documented and metadata (methods, further information about variables, etc.) described. All management activities were consistently documented. All GHG emissions, as well as other gaseous emissions, agronomic and environmental variables were collected for three years (2016/2017–2018/2019) at three experimental field sites in Germany.

The purpose of the StaPlaRes project was to evaluate two innovative techniques of urea fertiliser application and to quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.